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Limitations of RDBMS

 

Limitations of RDBMS

1. Introduction

Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) are reliable and widely used, but they face several limitations when handling modern, large-scale, and distributed applications.

2. Major Limitations of RDBMS

1. Scalability Issues

  • RDBMS mainly supports vertical scaling (adding more CPU, RAM)

  • Difficult and expensive to scale horizontally

  • Not suitable for massive data growth

2. Fixed Schema

  • Requires predefined table structure

  • Schema changes are complex and time-consuming

  • Not suitable for rapidly changing data

3. Performance Bottlenecks

  • Joins across large tables reduce performance

  • High read/write operations slow down the system

  • Not ideal for real-time applications

4. Limited Handling of Unstructured Data

  • Best suited for structured data

  • Poor support for unstructured or semi-structured data

  • Complex mapping required for JSON, multimedia data

5. High Cost

  • Commercial RDBMS licenses are expensive

  • Requires powerful hardware

  • Maintenance and administration cost is high

6. Difficulty in Distributed Environments

  • Complex replication and sharding

  • Single point of failure in some setups

  • Not optimized for cluster computing

7. Impedance Mismatch

  • Mismatch between object-oriented applications and relational tables

  • Requires additional mapping layers (ORM)

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